Notable researchers tell us about acute pain management in opioid users and how it works and which drug group works effectively in them. The purpose of our study is to manage pain in opioid users during detox without the use of Analgesics. An experimental study is conducted among 36 male patients in the age group of 25 to 55 from Punjab, Pakistan. The purposive sampling technique was used in the collection of samples due to limited resources. We divided these samples into 3 different groups (medication, placebo, and physiotherapy) and after doing treatment according to their group we get the results through a self-report inventory. Most rehabilitation centers used analgesics to relieve symptomatic pain management but the problem is the drug-seeking behavior of opioid users. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Of 12 patients in the placebo group only 25% feel better through a placebo treatment plan and in the analgesic group 75% of patients feel relieved and in the physiotherapy group, 66% of patients feel relieved. As a result of this, we concluded that physiotherapy can also play role in the rehabilitation process of opioid users and helps to minimize their drug-seeking behavior. Our research concludes that a positive but weak association between placebo in opioid pain management is present while strong but less association between physiotherapy in opioid users then analgesics.

he study explores the significant predictive relationship between emotional intelligence, motivation, and dysfunctional attitude among substance use patients with the role of cognitive behavior therapy. The sample was comprised of 150 addictive patients. Among 150 patients, 40 were selected for intervention. The sample was divided into two groups of 20 each in the experimental and controlled groups. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique from Poly Clinic Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan. To estimate the constructs following scales were used Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form Scale, Situational Motivation Scale, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale Short Form and Drug Abuse Screening Test all in Urdu. Patients with a high level of dysfunctional attitude were selected for intervention. For each participant, 12 sessions were planned. The statistical calculations were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(V-26). Regression analysis confirmed that emotional intelligence and motivation is a significant predictors of dysfunctional attitudes in substance used patients [R²=.066; F (2, 147) = 5.198, p<.01] with 6.6% explained variation in the dysfunctional attitude due to emotional intelligence and motivation. The effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy was also evident with the experimental groups mean score of emotional intelligence (M=78.6, M = 169.00), motivation (M=58.1, M = 92.10) and dysfunctional attitude (M=61.1, M = 26.00) pre and posttest scores. It indicates that Cognitive Behavior Therapy was effective in the treatment of drug addicts to deal with lower levels of motivation and emotional intelligence as well as higher dysfunctional attitudes.

Autism spectrum disorder scale was developed for the use of diagnoses purpose of autism. This scale is consisting of 15 items in Pakistan’s indigenous language Urdu. Most autism assessment tools are available in English and were developed by Western cultures; however, when those tools are used in different cultures, biased results can be evident. So, a culture-friendly tool was dire need to be developed. A scale was developed and administered to individuals (N=143) with autism using standard procedures from item pooling to standardization of scale. The sample was selected from different cities in Pakistan through a convenient sampling technique. Rotated component matrix analysis, factors loading, sample adequacy KMO and CFI tests were performed using SPSS and AMOS. The convergent validity test demonstrated that there is a significant correlation (r=0.81, p=.00) at the 0.01 alpha level with CARS on the sample of n=50. The indigenous scale also confirmed good test-retest reliability (r=0. 950, p=.000) at a 0.01 alpha level, which indicated that the scale is a valid and reliable measure for diagnosing individuals with an autism spectrum disorder. This scale can be used by researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists for the general population to measure the prevalence and for diagnosis.

Objective: Many researches defined the critical predictors and significant risk factors associated with various substance use behaviors, revealing the personality traits as important determinants. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the personality constructs of individuals with a history of substance use disorder in Pakistan. Method: The Qualitative Study was conducted through purposive sampling by selecting the professionals (psychiatrists=9, clinical psychologists=4, patients with SUD = 5) with having a minimum of 5 years to a maximum of 29 years of experience working with substance use disorder patients and participants with the history of at least three years of diagnosis. A total of 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine (N=13) mental health professionals and five (N=05) patients with substance use disorder. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed by independent researchers. The transcripts were analyzed using a systematic approach that incorporates inductive thematic analysis. Results: The themes that emerged after analyses were combined under the main three headings: Social, Cultural and Psychological/individual factors. The main results indicated that authoritative parenting style, family lifestyles, pleasure-seeking, enhanced energy, dependent personality traits, emotional instability and conflicting interpersonal relationship lead to substance use which can be addressed through early intervention.

The present study was conducted to explore the impact of behavioral factors on relapse among drug addicts and moderating role of psychological factors. The study was carried out on male drug addicts from different cities in Punjab. The sample was comprised of (N = 200) male drug addicts. The sample was selected by using purposive sampling. The General Health Questionnaire, Patient Depression Questionnaire PHQ-9, Drug Abuse Screening Test-10, Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale, Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection and Resolve, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and The Advance Warning of Relapse Questionnaire were used in the current study. Alpha coefficients and correlation matrix for all variables were computed. Moderation analysis further revealed that perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and warning of relapse. The family function also moderated the relationship between drug and alcohol abuse severity and the sign of degeneration. It was found that Perceived stigma significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol and drug abuse severity and warning of relapse.

The main objective of the current research was the development of the ostracism scale in the Urdu language to shed the light on this invisible harassment and abuse which is the most ignored part of society yet a very common method to exclude people from social groups. A total of 40 items developed through an adequate process with the help of William’s need and threat model. A sample of 200 participants in the age range of 18 to 40 years was selected for data collection through a simple random sampling technique. After analysis, the sample adequacy was 0.915 with 4 factors including self-esteem, control, meaningful existence and belonging which are the four fundamental needs of humans. CFA is .903 with the removal of 18 items in the scale and sample adequacy of the remaining 22 items of the scale is .924 with reliability of a = .937. 7 items subscale “self-esteem” reliability value is a = .866, 6 items subscale “control” reliability is 8.25, 5 items subscale “meaningful existence” reliability value is a = 844 and 4 items subscale “belonging” reliability value is a = .704. In Pakistani culture, it is very common to exclude someone without giving attention to the psychological factors the excluded person will face. This research will provide a direction to further research and awareness about ostracism which is rarely known by individuals but yet faces every day.

Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are a global psychiatric problem associated with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Consequently, contemporary advances in addiction have generated the potential for assessing the efficacy of Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs) for treating those with SUDs and their Relapse Prevention. The current case study focuses on a 21-year-old married man referred with the presenting complaints of intake and withdrawal of Heroin. His symptoms fulfilled the criteria of Heroin Withdrawal Disorder and he is currently in a controlled environment. The assessment was carried out through a clinical interview with the client, behavioral observation, Mental Status Examination (MSE) and the subjective rating of symptoms. Formal assessments were also carried out. The management plan was devised to build and maintain an excellent therapeutic alliance. The psychotherapeutic intervention was applied, primarily focusing on the use of MBI that improved symptoms.